Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Andrew F Christie
University of Melbourne, Australia
Keynote: Follow-on innovation relating to block-buster drugs – innovators, timing, and private value
Time : 11:00-11:30
Biography:
Andrew F Christie was appointed as the inaugural Chair of Intellectual Property at Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, in 2002. A former Fulbright Senior Scholar, he has held appointments at the University of Cambridge, Duke University, the National University of Singapore, and the University of Toronto. He is admitted to legal practice in Australia and England, and worked for many years in the intellectual property departments of law firms in Melbourne and London. He is an active Adviser to the Australian Government and to the World Intellectual Property Organization on Intellectual Property Law and Policy. He has been identified by the international magazine Managing IP as one of the world’s 50 most influential people in intellectual property.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: The majority of patents associated with high-cost drugs are “secondary patents” – i.e. patents not for the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), but for follow-on innovation regarding the API, such as means for formulating the API, mechanisms for delivering the API, and methods of medical treatment using the API. Concern has been expressed about the potential for secondary patents to increase the cost of drugs, by extending (“evergreening”) the API originator’s monopoly over the drug. The purpose of this study is to determine whether these concerns are valid.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: For a sample of the 13 most costly drugs in Australia over a decade, we identify all the secondary patents granted in Australia for that drug (of which there are 636). We analyze those patents to determine by whom and when they were sought, for what type of innovation they were granted, and for how long they lasted.
Findings: Nearly three-quarters of all the secondary patents are owned by an entity other than the originator of the API of the drug. The patents were sought throughout the life of the original patent on the drug’s API. Patents for delivery mechanisms or formulations of the API have a greater private value than patents for other types of innovations relating to the API.
Conclusion & Significance: The vast majority of follow-on innovation over blockbuster drugs is undertaken by competitors of the drug’s originator, and occurs well before (in addition to well after) the expiry of the API patent. This is of significance to policy-makers, as it suggests that any concern that the grant of the API patent over a blockbuster drug will preclude follow-on innovation by competitors is not well founded.
Keynote Forum
Jennifer A Martin
Air Force Research Laboratories, USA
Keynote: Sweat sample processing, method development, and bioinformatic analysis for biomarkers of physical fatigue
Time : xxxx
Biography:
Jennifer A Martin completed her PhD in 2010 at the University of Florida. She now leads a team of scientists using mass spectrometry to address US Air Force concerns related to biomarker discovery and air quality in the context of human performance. The long-term goal of this work is to collaborate with experts in various scientific fields to develop real-time non-invasive sensors which indicate mission readiness in relevant military theaters. She has approximately 20 peer-reviewed publications in reputed journals, and is a co-author of over 30 presentations at conferences with international audience
Abstract:
Sweat biomarker discovery is widely recognized as an invaluable goal for biomarker science. Sweat collection is non-invasive
and may provide a means for assessing readiness, fatigue, health and fitness, immune status, and a host of other physiological
states, though significant research investment is required before application as a diagnostic tool. The novelty of sweat analysis
has necessitated our development and optimization of methods for sweat collection, sample handling and preparation,
chromatography, global proteomics/metabolomics, and targeted analyses of small molecules in sweat using immunoassay
and mass-spectrometric techniques. Preliminary results indicate that the amino acid content, specifically histidine, may be
indicative of physical fatigue induced via aerobic exercise while the combination of top-down and classic bottom-up proteomics
approaches allowed identification of more than 80 different proteins in sweat. Increasing access to samples collected from study
participants across a wide range of research projects will enable future research aimed at identification and validation of novel
biomarkers found in sweat with the end-goal of generating wearable sensing technologies for optimization and protection of
human performance.
Keynote Forum
Roger M. Leblanc
University of Miami, USA
Keynote: Development and bioapplications of nontoxic carbon dots
Time : 13:40-14:00
Biography:
Roger M Leblanc received his BS in Chemistry in 1964 from Universite Laval, Canada, and PhD in Physical Chemistry in l968 from the same university. From 1968 to 1970, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Laboratory of Prof. George Porter, FRS, in Davy Faraday Research Lab, the Royal Institution of Great Britain. He was a Professor from 1970 to 1993 at Department of Chemistry and Biology in Universite du Quebec a Trois Rivieres, Canada. During this period, he was Chair from 1971 to 1975 at the same department, and Director from 1981 to 1991 at Photobiophysics Research Center. In 1994, he moved to University of Miami, where he has been a Professor at Department of Chemistry since then to present. At University of Miami, he was Chair of Department of Chemistry from 1994 to 2002, and he is appointed as Chair from 2013 to present. He was also one of the three editors of Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces from 1998 to 2017. During his early career as a Scientist, his research interest was on the photosynthesis and photoconductivity using surface chemistry and spectroscopy. His current research interest is to apply 2-dimensional (2-D) surface chemistry combined with spectroscopy and microscopy to investigate the properties of nanomaterials (carbon dots, graphene oxide and quantum dots) and the fibrillation process of amyloidogenic proteins (insulin, amyloid-beta peptide and islet amyloid polypeptide). He is also interested to design and develop biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity for diseases diagnosis. He has published 512 scientific articles in peer-reviewed
journals. As a Professor, he has supervised more than 100 Master’s and PhD students.
Abstract:
Carbon dots (C-Dots) with diameter smaller than 10 nm have recently attracted enormous attention in various fields due to their unique properties. In this talk, the synthesis, characterization and bioapplications of a new type of nontoxic, water-soluble C-Dots will be presented. A major medical challenge one faces to treat Central Nervous System (CNS) related diseases is to cross the tight junctions between endothelial cells, which are known as blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, our in vivo experimental observations suggested that the transferrin conjugated C-Dots could enter the CNS of Zebrafish while C-Dots alone could not. Thanks to the abundant presence of carboxylic acids on the surface, CDots are easily conjugated with transferrin and anticancer drug doxorubicin. The system was then applied as a drug delivery system for the delivery of
doxorubicin into cancerous cells. Our in vitro study showed greater uptake of the conjugates compared to free doxorubicin, the conjugates at 10 nM was significantly more cytotoxic than doxorubicin alone, reducing viability by 14-45 %, across multiple
pediatric brain tumor cell lines. Accidents, disease and aging compromise the structural and physiological functions of bones, and in vivo bone imaging test is critical to identify, detect and diagnose bone related development and dysfunctions. Here we show that C-Dots with low quantum yield ("dark") bind to calcified bone structures of live Zebrafish larvae with high affinity and selectivity. Binding resulted in a strong enhancement of luminescence that was not observed in other tissues, including non-calcified endochondral elements. Retention of Cdots by bones was very stable, long lasting, and with no detectable toxicity. These observations support a novel and revolutionary use of C-Dots as highly specific bioagents for bone imaging and diagnosis, and as a potential bone-specific drug delivery carrier.
Keynote Forum
Tamas Sohajda
Cyclolab Ltd., Hungary
Keynote: Cyclodextrin-based formulations: The present and the future
Time : 14:00-14:20
Biography:
Tamás Sohajda has been working at CycloLab Ltd., for six years. Currently he is the Director of Research and Development. After graduating as a Pharmacist, he
obtained degrees in Pharmaceutical Economy and Quality Assurance. He wrote his PhD thesis on the investigation and understanding of cyclodextrin complexes
on a molecular level studying a great number of biological activities and CD derivatives. At CycloLab Ltd. he has been coordinating all development and research
works aimed at various and diverse fields such as developing new, cyclodextrin-aided formulations (solid and semi-solid dosage forms, parenterals, etc.), preparing
generic formulations or improvements of current products by introducing CDs, designing new industrially important CD derivatives ideal as next generation
excipients, drug delivery systems or as biologically active compounds.
Abstract:
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are “cone-shaped” cyclic oligosaccharides, with a hydrophobic cavity and hydrophilic outer surface.
These nanoscale substances have long been used as functional excipients in different pharmaceuticals due to their ability to
encapsulate drugs and alter their disadvantageous features, e.g. increase the aqueous solubility, improve bioavailability, enhance
chemical stability or simply to mask their taste. At present more than 40, CD-enabled human pharmaceutical products are
on the market. The present of CDs is thus dominantly being used as excipients. The most favored are 2-hydroxypropyl-β-
CD (HPBCD) and sulfobutylether-β-CD, applied in dozens of parenteral formulations, while other derivatives are used for
oral, topical, nasal or ocular administration. The marvel of CDs lies in their flexibility: you can optimize the excipient for
the active ingredient and for the purpose simultaneously. In the present lecture illustrative drug products will be highlighted
demonstrating the applicability of derivatized oligosaccharides in the development of drug formulations. Outlook to the future
potential related to drug delivery use of CDs will also be provided. CDs tagged with biological recognition-based labeling were
prepared in order to deliver specific drugs to the site of action. Also, combinations with the application of colloidal structures
(dispersions, liquid crystals and macromolecules) will be discussed. Yet the future of CDs is not limited to being used as
excipients. We can harvest from their complex forming ability in vivo as well, in products, containing CDs as APIs. While the
initial idea was to use CDs as detoxification agents or to selectively remove chemicals from the system (e.g. Sugammadex –
Bridion), this concept has grown into clinical trials and studies using CDs as API alone (HPBCD as an orphan drug against
Niemann-Pick C, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis or Alport Syndrome). A number of further therapeutic applications of
CDs themselves are expected to come, some potential areas will be reviewed.
Keynote Forum
Samuel Kyeremateng
AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
Keynote: Optimizing early phase development of amorphous solid dispersion formulation thorough application of modeling tools
Time : 14:20-14:40
Biography:
Samuel Kyeremateng is a Senior Scientist in the Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Division at AbbVie Deutschland in Ludwigshafen. His research activities focus
on scientific advances in the understanding of amorphous molecular solids, and development and application of models in predicting with confidence the preferred
composition, manufacturing process, and stability of amorphous solid dispersion formulations. His current responsibilities at AbbVie Deutschland include leading
the Material Science Group that supports formulation development, and mentoring Doctorate research students and other scientists within the company. He
received his Doctorate in Polymer Science from Martin-Luther-Universität in Germany.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Amorphous Solid Dispersion (ASD) is an established formulation technique for improving the
bioavailability of poorly water-soluble Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) by increasing solubility, wettability and
dissolution rate. Successful manufacturing of ASD formulation by Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) requires selection of e.g. the
right API load, excipients, and processing temperature. API load is also crucial in determining important quality attributes of
the drug product such as long term physical stability to ensure consistent product performance during its self-life. Identifying
the possible maximum drug load limit and excipients for HME feasibility and risk assessment, and long-term physical stability
of the manufactured ASD can be quite challenging whereby several extrusion trials are required in addition to prolonged
stability studies. Exploring the optimal design space during early phase of formulation development by this approach requires
significant amount of resources including API which may be limitedly available during this phase.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: As an API-sparing approach, novel empirical model and the rigorous thermodynamic
Perturbed Chain Statistically Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) were applied to model ASD phase diagram of several
formulations to effectively and quickly explore the design space to optimize formulation development. These were followed up
with HME manufacturing and long-term stability studies (up to 18 months) of the formulations under ICH conditions to verify
the model-predicted results. Several APIs and polymeric excipients including Soluplus, Copovidone, PVP, and HPMCAS were
used in the studies.
Findings: The modeling tools were found to be very suitable in estimating extrusion temperature required for generating
crystal-free ASD formulations as well as predicting their physical stability under different storage conditions, i.e., temperature
and relative humidity.
Conclusion & Significance: Recent advances in predictive ASD phase diagram modeling proved to be reliable tools for
excipient selection, HME temperature prediction, and designing ASD formulations for maximum drug load and physical
stability. Applying these tools enables successful ASD formulation optimization using less resources and materials.
Keynote Forum
Supamas Napavichayanun
Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Keynote: Properties of bacterial cellulose wound dressing containing sericin and polyhexamethylene biguanide
Time : sdf
Biography:
Supamas Napavichayanun is a PhD student at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. She earned a BSc from Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University in 2010. Her research experience has ranged from protein including silk proteins and biomaterials. She also
did clinical researches in the area of dermatology especially materials for wound healing application.
Abstract:
The ideal wound dressing should be a moist and oxygen-permeated environment, exudate adsorption, enhanced wound
closure, and infection protection. The bacterial cellulose wound dressing containing sericin and polyhexamethylene
biguanide (PHMB) is a natural wound dressing that is easily produced from bacterial cellulose (A. xylinum strain in coconut
water medium), silk sericin (protein from silk cocoon), and antiseptic (PHMB). Components of this dressing contain many
benefits closely to the ideal wound dressing properties. For the dressing production, the bacterial cellulose dressing was loaded
with 1% w/v silk sericin followed by 0.3% w/v PHMB loading. All processes were carried out in sterile conditions. After
preparation, the dressings were sterilized with gamma radiation at 25 kGy. The properties of the dressing were tested in term
of sericin and antimicrobial releasing, antimicrobial property, and collagen type I production test comparing with commercial
product. The results showed that the sufficient concentration for elimination of all bacteria (S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis, E.
coli, P.aeruginosa, A. baumannii) of PHMB was released from the dressing within 30 minutes and optimal concentration
for collagen type I production of sericin was released within 4 hours. The dressing was superior in terms of antimicrobial
activity against all bacterial strains than Bactigras®. In comparison with silver-loaded Acticoat®, the antimicrobial activity of the
dressing was better against Gram-positive bacteria often found in chronic wounds (S. aureus and MRSA). The antimicrobial
difference between the dressing and Suprasorb®X + PHMB was only noticed for B. subtilis. Moreover, the cells cultured from
the released solution of our novel dressing produced significantly higher amount of collagen type 1 than those cultured with
the bacterial cellulose wound dressing without silk sericin. Therefore, the bacterial cellulose wound dressing containing sericin
and PHMB contains many advantages to be the ideal wound dressing.
- Pharmaceutical Formulations | Liquid Dosage Forms | Pharmaceutical Analysis
Location: Thon Hotel Bristol Stephanie
Chair
Roger M. Leblanc
University of Miami, USA